{
  "dataset": "crawlers",
  "record": {
    "id": "gptbot",
    "name": "GPTBot",
    "operator": "OpenAI",
    "purpose": "training",
    "ua_substring": "GPTBot",
    "robots_token": "GPTBot",
    "respects_robots": true,
    "verify": "published IP ranges at openai.com/gptbot-ranges.json",
    "notes": "Crawls content that may be used to train OpenAI models.",
    "canonical_name": "GPTBot",
    "user_agent_token": "GPTBot",
    "ua_full": {
      "value": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko); compatible; GPTBot/1.3; +https://openai.com/gptbot",
      "source": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots",
      "last_verified": "2026-06-15"
    },
    "bot_type": "training",
    "bot_type_extension": null,
    "opt_out_mechanism": "robots.txt disallow (User-agent: GPTBot)",
    "published_ip_range_url": "https://openai.com/gptbot.json",
    "asn": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://openai.com/gptbot.json"
    },
    "reverse_dns_suffix": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots",
      "note": "OpenAI documents IP-range JSON files as the canonical check; a PTR suffix is not the documented method"
    },
    "supports_web_bot_auth": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots"
    },
    "signature_agent_domain": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots"
    },
    "jwks_url": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots"
    },
    "verification_methods": [
      "published-IP-range"
    ],
    "crawl_traffic_share": {
      "value": "11.48%",
      "unit": "% of AI crawler requests",
      "as_of": "2026-05",
      "source": "https://radar.cloudflare.com/bots",
      "source_label": "Cloudflare Radar (May 2026), via research/competitive-research-2026-06.md §1",
      "last_verified": "2026-06-15",
      "note": "leads AI crawl traffic in the Radar May 2026 snapshot"
    },
    "targeted_content_type": "HTML, text",
    "documentation_url": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots",
    "first_seen_date": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://openai.com/index/gptbot/",
      "note": "GPTBot was publicly announced Aug 2023; confirm exact date against OpenAI's announcement at build"
    },
    "last_verified_date": "2026-06-15",
    "block_vs_allow_recommendation": "conditional — training crawler; allow to be represented in OpenAI model knowledge, block via robots.txt to opt out of training. No direct referral.",
    "citation_referral_value": "low (training; does not itself cite or refer)",
    "cloudflare_verified_category": {
      "value": null,
      "verify_status": "verify-against-primary-at-build",
      "source_hint": "https://radar.cloudflare.com/bots/directory/gptbot"
    },
    "status": "active",
    "triples": [
      [
        "GPTBot",
        "operated_by",
        "OpenAI"
      ],
      [
        "GPTBot",
        "has_bot_type",
        "training"
      ],
      [
        "GPTBot",
        "verified_via",
        "published-IP-range"
      ],
      [
        "GPTBot",
        "has_crawl_share",
        "11.48% (Radar 2026-05)"
      ]
    ],
    "attribute_sources": [
      {
        "claims": [
          "ua_full",
          "user_agent_token",
          "robots_token",
          "published_ip_range_url",
          "documentation_url"
        ],
        "source": "https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots",
        "last_verified": "2026-06-15"
      },
      {
        "claims": [
          "crawl_traffic_share"
        ],
        "source": "https://radar.cloudflare.com/bots",
        "last_verified": "2026-06-15"
      }
    ]
  }
}